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Regulatory agencies are also seeking longer clinical studies in larger populations due to increased safety concerns, αγοράζουν online Retin-A. This has escalated the cost of drug discovery, driving the focus of Research & Development (R&D) primarily on “billion dollar” indications, buy Retin-A without prescription. Recovery of drug discovery investments today is only from highly priced and insurance reimbursed regulated markets such as USA, Retin-A for sale, EU and Japan, which contribute as much as 80% of the market value ^[3]. Rest of the world (ROW) with 85% of the population represents only 20% of the market, goedkope Retin-A apotheek. This market bias defeats equitable and inclusive drug discovery. Oklahoma OK Okla. , Indications like Malaria, Dengue and Tuberculosis are neglected. Buy Retin-A without prescription, A disruptive innovation is required to change the existing drug discovery paradigm for addressing this inequity.

The current discovery model is primarily responsible for this high cost, Retin-A without prescription, time and risk of drug development. Order Retin-A no rx, The target-based, in-vitro driven approach is unable to predict the activity of a drug candidate in living beings at an early stage of development. Several million dollars are spent on preclinical development before wet pharmacology studies are undertaken, Virginia VA Va. . Tens of thousands of molecules undergo logarithmic attrition during prospective stages of development. Essentially, the current model does not provide risk-mitigated justification for the huge R&D investments, buy Retin-A without prescription. Maine ME Me. , According to Dr. Bowman, “Less than 1% of developing drugs result in success, South Dakota SD , but the pursuit of many promising “failed” drugs can cost a company millions of dollars in R&D” ^[4]. Florida FL Fla. , Indus Biotech’s unique discovery paradigm creates ways to mitigate late stage failure of drugs due to safety and efficacy reasons, while reducing the net cost of discovery. Indus Biotech uses a disease-based model, Nevada NV Nev. , prospecting for molecules from food chain raw materials, Køb billige Retin-A, with established safety and physiological activity and used for human consumption over millennia. Buy Retin-A without prescription, This unique approach mitigates the uncertainty of a future safety failure at an early stage of development.

Indus Biotech’s disease-based discovery model starts with in-vivo screening (wet pharmacology) of molecules for assessing the safety and efficacy in living beings. Researchers across the world have started realizing the importance of an in-vivo driven discovery model ^[4], buy Retin-A online.  Early in-vivo screening helps in assessing the multiple target activity of the drug molecule as well as knowledge on potential side effects. Vermont VT Vt. , This approach has also proven that development cost can be reduced without compromising the science of drug discovery.

Another advantage of Indus Biotech’s model is the possibility of early proof-of-concept studies to understand human safety and efficacy response, thus establishing confidence in the potential of a drug molecule before incurring the high cost of regulated clinical trials, buy Retin-A without prescription. Since the molecules are derived from food chain raw materials and not chemically synthesized, preclinical safety profile and efficacy results create convincing evidence to conduct a human proof-of-concept study in accordance with the ethical and legal requirements of drug development, Retin-A generic.

Last but not least, Texas TX Tex. , the United States Food and Drug Administration has established new guidelines for Botanical drugs that allow Indus Biotech to work on drug substances with assured therapeutic consistency. This regulation offers significant cost reduction in drug manufacture by permitting poly-molecular assays with benign impurity profile, which is generally the case when starting from food chain raw material, California CA Calif. . In contrast, Price of Retin-A, the synthesis of a New Chemical Entity (NCE) requires sophisticated and costly manufacturing process steps for limiting toxic impurities to significantly low levels. Buy Retin-A without prescription, The widespread use of botanical drugs will have other collateral benefits, such as a positive impact on the global issue of climate change. The additional cultivation of food chain raw materials for drug use will increase and sustain green cover, thus reducing carbon foot-prints and providing an opportunity to improve and sustain an agrarian economy, Retin-A online kopen.  For a country like India with 60% of its population engaged in agriculture, Hawaii HI , the greater use of botanical drugs provides higher earning potential for marginal farmers. This obviates the need for migration to urban centres for employment, thereby reducing the burden on already overpopulated, order Retin-A online, polluted and resource limited cities. Retin-A online stores, Indus Biotech’s innovation redefines the future of drug discovery by dramatically reducing the drug development cost and time to market. By making the choice of a disease and using food chain raw materials as a starting point of drug discovery, this model mitigates the burden of uncertainties in drug development, while capturing the essentials of science, safety and efficacy of the current NCE paradigm, buy Retin-A without prescription.

In conclusion, by reducing risk, time and cost to market, Indus Biotech’s discovery model addresses the need for investments in R&D of neglected diseases. It also offers opportunity for pharmaceutical industry to expand into untapped ROW markets, which today exhibits growth rates as high as 14-15% per annum ^[3].  For the first time, pharmaceutical companies can look beyond blockbuster indications with exciting growth opportunity.

References:

[1] DiMasi et al. (2007), Managerial and Decision Economics, vol. Buy Retin-A without prescription, 28 (4-5), pp. 469-79.

[2] Schuster et al. (2005), Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol. 11, pp. 3545-3559, buy Retin-A without prescription.

[3] World Pharmaceutical Frontiers, March 2009, pp. 18-21.

[4] Bowman et al. (2010), ACS Chemical Biology, vol. 5 (2), pp. 159-161.

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Buy Accutane no prescription, An interview with the emerging markets guru Mr. Pradeep Kashyap, CEO & Founder MART, India.

Q. How was MART founded?

Pradeep Kashyap: I left the corporate sector after 20 years in 1987 and my idea was never to start an organisation. I didn’t start an organisation until 1995 when we named ourselves as MART. Buy Accutane no prescription, However MART as a partnership was established in 2003. Before then we had a loose kind of arrangement where everybody was working together.

My idea was to apply the knowledge I had, halvalla Accutane apteekki. I recognised that the strength I had was in the marketing area and this was completely missing in the social and development sector. Nobody believed that you needed marketing in the social sector. When you are working with the NGOs who are helping villagers produce handicrafts, incense sticks or even soaps, they are competing with the corporate sector and they do need professional marketing to be able to compete with the corporate.

Q. What are MART's focus, motivations and philosophies?

Pradeep Kashyap: Our focus is the BoP emerging markets, buy Accutane no prescription. The philosophy we follow is social heart and business mind. There are three different kinds of organisations- NGO, Cheap Accutane from canada, corporation and the government. NGOs bring a social heart and a social mind and that is the reason why they are not good at strategies of scale up. They do great work in small geographies but their work continues to remain localised. Buy Accutane no prescription, The Corporate sector which wants to enter the BoP markets brings a business mind and unfortunately sometimes a harsh business heart. Their whole orientation is mostly being concerned about numbers and sales. The government brings a business heart and social mind which is wrong. We realised that we need a different kind of organisation which has a very strong business mind but has a lot of compassion for the poor- a social heart, cheap Accutane overnight delivery. Because, unless you empathise with the poor, you won’t be able to find the solutions that are best for them.

Since I came from the corporate sector and started in the working the social sector, I could see a potential for bridges and synergies between these two sectors, buy Accutane no prescription. The critical role MART plays is to make corporate understand the community language and the community to understand the corporate participation as well as the government. Buy Accutane from canada, We offer end to end solutions from research to strategy and capacity building in the emerging markets.

Our philosophy is also teamwork in truest sense of team work, and building a totally flexible, non-hierarchical organisation. We are not just giving lip service to this. All our projects are team based. Buy Accutane no prescription, So it’s not uncommon for a junior most person to lead a project in MART if that person has that capability which is required for that project. That gives a huge moral boost to young people, Alaska AK . They get the opportunity to lead a project. Our logo is handshake between two people with bowed heads. We believe that you can acquire knowledge if you are humble. We are constantly building partnerships with experts, buy Accutane no prescription.

In 1989 I was appointed as marketing advisor to the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) Government of India. Om Accutane online, That opened my eyes to a larger vision and a macro picture of this country. I had an umbrella view. That I think was very crucial which has helped to develop this vision because one could see it from top and that also gave me excellent networks with NGOs.

Q. What other projects did you do during those early years after you left the corporate world?

Pradeep Kashyap:   Buy Accutane no prescription, With MRD I started a concept of sales exhibition called Gram Shree Melas (exhibition) where artisans could bring their products directly to these exhibitions which are held in the cities. The advantage to the rural artisans is that there were no middlemen; they get the full value for their products. They get to interact with buyers whom they would otherwise never be able to see and hence not understand their taste. We also used to conduct training programs during melas, buy Accutane online cheap. We would bring some designers, packaging experts, research experts and marketing experts who would talk about positioning and various other things to the rural artisans. I ran this program for three years in which 70-80 such Gram Shree Melas were run, buy Accutane no prescription. The program continued after I left and 300 of such exhibitions all across India in 75 cities from 1989 till 2000 were run by CAPART- the government’s nodal autonomous body for NGOs. South Carolina SC S.C. ,

Then in 1993 I bid for and got a World Bank project called Women’s Enterprise Management Training Outreach Program (WEMTOP) for which the requirement was six people and therefore I had to set up a team. It was working with poor women who were artisans etc and teaching them business skills, how to cost their products, break even analysis. It was very innovative training. Buy Accutane no prescription, This was all done through visuals, lots of games and role plays.  After WEMTOP, we disbanded and then in 1995 we started MART. Later in 2000 we started project Shakti which was until 2005, kopen goedkope Accutane, that was the first big visibility project we did. That put us on the national and the international map.

Q. You have been mapping rural India for 2 decades. What in your opinion have been significant changes in rural India?

Pradeep Kashyap: There have been a few significant changes. The first is the microfinance (MF)  movement- today there are 7-8 million women’s groups serving about 70-80 million rural families out of 160 million families which means half of rural families are linked to a MF Institution or Self Help Group, buy Accutane no prescription. Wisconsin WI Wis. , What this has done has empowered women now that they have control over money. That has been the first major shift or change where the power equation has changed, as earlier a wife depended on her husband for any expenditure whereas now she has her own money and own savings, so she can use that for family health and education. Besides managing money they are also interacting with their peers and many of them are members of the federations, they go for meetings at the district HQ, Illinois IL Ill. , district collectors and because of such exposure, the rural women have gained confidence.

The second major change has been the Panchayati Raj (local governance system in villages) where the women got 30% reservations in Panchayats (the rural governing assemblies). That has created women leaders empowered in politics which is transforming rural India.

Buy Accutane no prescription, The third one is road connectivity. In the first fifty years since independence we only connected 40% of villages by roads in next ten years we connected another 30%. Order Accutane, The pace of road connectivity has been very fast over the last ten years. Today except for very tiny villages almost most villages are connected by roads and once you get connected by road, it means that you then come into the mainstream economy. The produce can then reach the mandis (local markets) or other benefits such as if you wish to establish a school in the village then you can transport all kinds of materials that you need to build the school to the village. Road connectivity really transforms the village economically.

The fourth is that the overall awareness about education has gone up in the villages, buy Accutane no prescription. Today if you talk to any rural women her priority number one is to educate her children. Before, Maine ME Me. , they didn’t know that education could be such a differentiator.

The fifth change has been media penetration in rural India. There are more TV sets in rural India than in urban India in terms of sheer number. TV is seen like a family durable as it is seen to benefit everybody. Buy Accutane no prescription, TV gives them contact with the world.

The next big change has been technology, Georgia GA Ga. , especially mobile connections. There are already 100 million connections in rural India out of 160 million families. By 2012 there will be more than 200 million mobile connections in rural India that means more than one connection per family. The mobile platform is now becoming universal for all kinds of information exchange whether it is Reuters Market Light or mandi prices or even monitoring health through tele-medicine. So information is becoming real time, therefore solutions have been much more impactful. So what is happening is that, what brick and mortar infrastructure couldn’t achieve because it wasn’t possible to go round to 600,000 villages, technology has suddenly made the world flat, as Friedman says.

Q, buy Accutane no prescription. What are your thoughts on entrepreneurship and education in rural marketing?

Pradeep Kashyap: Government can’t be creating too many salaried jobs, order Accutane no prescription. 93% of our workforce is in informal sector.  We have immense numbers of young people and therefore the challenge is to how to create jobs through self employment and entrepreneurship. The government has recognised that.

We have initiated innovative models such as 3M and Inclusive Marketing. 3M is basically for large scale employment in rural areas. Buy Accutane no prescription, The first M stands for microfinance. To start any business you must have some money or access to capital. Kentucky KY Ky. , The second M stands for market because you’ll only be able to make profits if you are able to sell your products and there is demand for it for which you must have a market for it. And what we say that in the rural context the ‘hat’ (local village market) is the first access for poor people because they cannot jump straight from village to market in Kolkata, therefore the first access  they have is to the hat market. The third M is ‘Microplanning’ where you look at the kinds of raw materials available in that area, what are the kinds of skills people possess, because it would be best to start those activities for which people already have skills.

I have been championing entrepreneurship courses for the business school and I taught courses in XIM- Bhubaneswar in 1993 called ‘Start your own business’, kjøpe Accutane. XIMB was the second institution after IIMA which had this course, buy Accutane no prescription. Now most of the B- schools have entrepreneurship courses. My whole premise was that MBA and business institutions produce job seekers but what we need are job creators. If they (MBA students) have been equipped with all this knowledge then they should take the risk and have the courage to start something on their own and provide employment. So that is what is needed.

Before, For Accutane online, rural marketing was not taught in many business schools. I wrote the rural marketing book five years back and now we conduct courses on rural marketing in B-schools. Buy Accutane no prescription, In the meantime, rural markets also started expanding, corporates also started focussing on rural markets and hiring people with rural marketing background and management school saw a demand from companies and started to meet market demands.

Q. How do you see MART growing in future?

At MART we have been focussing on innovation. By and large we don’t like to do projects of same kinds and like to innovate with new kinds of projects. Learning is a continuous process and you never stop learning. Over the last 10 years we have enough data and enough experience about rural India. We have created a number of learning platforms such seminars on rural marketing, rural distribution, rural telecom, rural insurance, buy Accutane no prescription. We are very clear that we will be in the emerging markets and we think whether it is the neighbouring countries like Bangladesh or countries like Brazil we will have a demand there. We are expanding our geography and we are also expanding our sectors. Earlier we were in marketing and livelihood, now we are in healthcare, agribusiness, insurance, banking and telecom. These are the opportunities that we see for ourselves.

Interview & compilation by,

Dr. Satya Prakash Dash

Centre for India & Global Business,

Cambridge Judge Business School

University of Cambridge

*Project Shakti <http://www.unilever.com/sustainability/casestudies/economic-development/creating-rural-entrepreneurs.aspx>

MART India <http://www.martrural.com/>

.

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1. The poor cannot afford sustainable technologies


2. The poor cannot maintain sustainable technologies


3. Social ventures cannot be run as commercial entities

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